康复治疗配合化痰祛瘀汤对脑梗死患者纤溶系统、神经功能及血液流变学的影响

目的:探究康复治疗配合化痰祛瘀汤对脑梗死患者纤溶系统、神经功能恢复及血液流变学的影响。方法:选取收治的150例脑梗死患者作为研究对象并分为2组,对照组75例行康复治疗,观察组75例在对照组基础上联合化痰祛瘀汤治疗。比较2组治疗效果及纤溶系统指标、神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学指标。结果:观察组总有效率高达93.33%,高于对照组的77.33%(P<0.05)。2组治疗后纤溶系统指标、神经功能评分及血液流变学指标均有所改善(P<0.05);治疗后组间比较,观察组纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及血小板聚集率(PAR)均高于对照组(P<0.05),组织纤溶酶原抑制物(PAI)、血浆黏度(PV)、全血黏度(WBV)均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:化痰祛瘀汤联合康复治疗有利于维持脑梗死患者纤溶系统动态平衡,促进神经功能恢复及改善血液流变学。     

Colitis following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A real-world analysis of spontaneous reports submitted to the FDA adverse event reporting system

BackgroundAlthough colitis has been reported in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), associations between colitis and ICIs had not been thoroughly assessed in real-world studies. Here, we identified and characterized significant colitis-associated with ICIs.MethodsBased on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to December 2019, the disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were adopted to data mining of the suspected adverse events of colitis after ICIs administrating. Clinical characteristics of patients with ICIs-associated colitis and the time to onset of colitis following different ICI regimens were collected.ResultsA total of 3786 reports of colitis adverse events were identified with ICIs. Seven ICI monotherapies were associated with the reporting of colitis. Statistically significant ROR, PRR, information component (IC), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) emerged for all ICI monotherapies and combination therapies. ICIs-associated colitis affected mostly male (53.51%), with a wide mean age range (60.65 to 72 years). Colitis adverse events were commonly reported in patients with melanoma and lung cancer. Adverse outcomes of colitis concerning ICI were mainly outcomes of hospitalization-initiated or prolonged and other serious. Among colitis cases, 17.43% cases of colitis concerning ICI lead to death. The adverse event of colitis occurred earliest in ipilimumab monotherapy with a median time to onset of 64.21 days (IQR: 27–69 days) among all monotherapies.ConclusionsICI may lead to severe and disabling ICIs-associated colitis during therapy. Analysis of FAERS data identified signals for adverse events of colitis with ICI regimens. Practitioners should consider the factors that may increase the likelihood of colitis. The findings support a continued surveillance and risk factor identification studies.     

基于肥厚型心肌病临床数据管理系统的设计与应用

目的设计一款简单易操作的数据管理系统,解决目前零散的肥厚型心肌病临床数据,将临床信息科学有效地进行整合管理,便于医生及科研人员查询、统计。方法采用Foxtable搭建一个数据库管理软件框架,并建立局域网外部数据源,实现数据的存储、查询、共享、导出。结果基于肥厚型心肌病数据管理系统的设计与应用能够满足临床医生和科研人员的基本工作需求,很大程度上节省了数据整理时间。结论该系统操作简单、移植性高、实用性强,广泛适用于各临床科室有科研项目的小型数据库管理。     

Horloge interne,sommeil et médias électroniques : le comportement à risque des adolescents

The internal clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is controlled by genetic factors (clock genes) and environmental factors (light-dark and sleep-wake alternations). Light is the major component of the clock control. Clock desynchronization occurs when the internal clock is no longer in phase with the environment resulting in a phase shift (phase advance or phase delay depending of the time of exposure to light). An increasing number of children and adolescents are experiencing chronic exposure to light at night due to misuse, including late at night, of electronic media. This results in a clock desynchronization, i.e. a shift of the clock circadian phase (which is delayed with exposure to light at night) with concomitant health issues: disturbances of sleep which is both shortened and delayed, mood alterations, fatigue etc. This risky behavior of children and adolescents is becoming a public health issue.     

Objective evaluation of abutment tooth preparation for preformed metal crowns for primary molars in Japanese preclinical training

Evaluation of abutment tooth shape for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth in preclinical training depends on the subjective opinion of the instructor providing the training. Thus, the student's grade will likely vary according to teacher grading. In this study, we explored the potential for objective evaluation by comparing evaluations performed by teaching personnel (teacher grading) of abutment teeth for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth prepared by students at a dental school with evaluation by a three-dimensional (3D) laser morphometric system (system grading). The subjects of the evaluations were 139 abutment teeth for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth that had been prepared by fourth-year students at Asahi University School of Dentistry during preclinical pediatric dentistry training. A tooth prepared by a teacher following instruction criteria was used as the reference tooth, and system grade points were calculated from deductions made for insufficient and excessive cutting. Teacher grade points varied among teachers. We found that teachers prioritized contours of the margin, buccal and lingual sides, and adjacent surfaces in their evaluations. System grading showed that most students carried out insufficient cutting. The mean (SD) teacher and system grade points were 57.7 (9.7) and 75.7 (4.7), respectively, and these grade points were positively correlated (r = 0.500). System grading provides a simple 3D visual assessment of insufficient and excessive cutting that can be used for instructing students.     

医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响——基于CLHLS的生存分析

目的:探讨医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响,为我国医疗保障制度的改革与完善提供参考依据。方法:基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2011—2014年的追踪数据,以添加脆弱因子的Weibull模型与Gompertz模型进行生存分析,并且分年龄组进行异质性分析。结果:相对于无医保的老人,有医保老人的死亡风险随医保制度的不同而发生不同程度的变化,具体而言,新农合、城镇居民基本医疗保险以及城镇职工基本医疗保险分别降低了约20%、25%以及31%的死亡风险。通过分年龄组进一步分析发现,医疗保险对高龄组老人死亡风险有显著影响,而对低龄组老人的死亡风险的影响不显著。结论:医疗保险制度有助于降低老年群体的死亡风险,但影响程度各异,表现为城镇职工医疗保险最高,城镇居民医疗保险次之,新农合最低。基于此,我国医疗保险制度改革的重点方向在于继续扩大医保覆盖面,并弥合不同医保之间的待遇差异,在统筹城乡居民医疗保险的基础上,进一步推进城镇职工医疗保险与居民医疗保险的整合,最终实现城乡医疗保险制度的一体化发展。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

基于薄荷油为油相的红花提取物自微乳凝胶递送系统制备研究

目的制备以薄荷油(Menthaha plocalyx oil,MPO)为油相的红花提取物(Carthamus tinctorius extract,CTE)自微乳凝胶递送系统(CTE-SMEDDS-BGs)。方法以MPO为油相,CTE为水相,采用伪三元相图法优选载药自微乳处方,采用单因素法筛选凝胶工艺与处方,并对其外观性状、黏度和pH值进行评价。结果所得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs最佳处方工艺:F68为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,乳化剂与助乳化剂比例(Km)为1∶1,乳化剂和助乳化剂总量(TS)与MPO的比例为8∶2,卡波姆2%,甘油6%,CTE5m L。处方量自微乳加入溶胀后的凝胶基质,三乙胺调节pH值至6.0即得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs;其外观为黄色半透明、黏稠度适中、均匀细腻、不油腻,易涂展的胶状凝胶,黏度为4.98×10~4m Pa·s(RSD为1.53%),pH为6.04(RSD为0.44%)。结论制得的薄荷油为油相的CTE-SMEDDS-BGs,制备简便,方法稳定,符合凝胶局部外用制剂要求。